To which extent can we make our future calculable?

“The world is woven from billions of lives, every strand crossing every other. What we call premonition is just the movement of the web. If you could attenuate to every strand of quivering data, the future would be entirely calculable. As inevitable as mathematics.”  

Once I've heard this quote being said by a fictional character, Sherlock Holmes, it intrigued me deeply. It haunts me still. Is it possible to have every aspect of our lives described and represented completely and only in the language of mathematics? Having it depicted in such a way that we can use an orchestra of AI models playing a symphony with the sound of the future? In this presentation, I would like to challenge start a somewhat philosophical discussion regarding this possibility trough the theoretical framework of the problem at hand.